In The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family is forced to continually migrate :: English Literature

In The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family is compelled to persistently move since they lose the land that their family has possessed for ages. Possession doesn't dwell in lawful title yet in close to home understanding. In The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family is compelled to constantly move since they lose the land that their family has occupied for ages. In spite of the way that they never possessed the land, they feel it is theirs on the grounds that nobody else realizes it just as they do. At the point when they arrive at California, they experience the situation of being the pariahs, for example, the banks they loathed were in Oklahoma. In light of their solid agrarian roots and individual association with the land, the Joads accept that association with the land implies possession. The banks accept that monetary interest in the land implies possession. This is an intriguing mystery; two unique gatherings of individuals fight one another, persuaded that they are correct. They are doing combating over a forsaken bit of soil, a small tote for the victor. The Joads' position is illustrated in the third intercalary part, We were conceived on (the land), and we got slaughtered on it, passed on it. That is what makes it our own, being conceived on it, chipping away at it, kicking the bucket on it. That is proprietorship, not papers with numbers on it (43). The bank accepts that their fiscal case to the land obscures the individual speculation of the tenant farmers. Despite the fact that there is maybe no solid contention to conclude who is the genuine proprietor, if cash is worth more than work Bill Doors has more option to land than the populaces of some little countries. The Joads relocate to California because of the loss of their home, what's more, before long get familiar with the issue with permitting individual experience to decide proprietorship. The Californians treat them with a fierceness equivalent to that with which they rewarded the bank, in spite of the fact that the Oklahomans were responding to a significantly all the more scary danger. The vagrants go to California with the desire that they will be esteemed workers, also, have the option to choose their own territory in California. This is amusing since they had so as of late figured out the fact that it is so hard to surrender land, so hoping to have the option to purchase up land in California goes legitimately against the exercises they had quite recently learned. Regardless of this component of bad faith, little examined by John Steinbeck, the predicament of the transients rouses compassion, for it is really frantic.

Ben Franklin the Ideal American free essay sample

A parsimonious man toward the beginning, Franklin tallied each and every penny; this kind of discretion relates with the possibility of self assurance. Embodying the Drags to wealth story, Franklin makes is route from humble beginnings to turn into an exceedingly wealthy man. Spreading over about the whole 1 century, the life of Benjamin Franklin can be considered particularly symbolic of American standards and the industrialist soul of the early American country. A business person on a fundamental level, Franklin quit the apprenticeship he had with his sibling and moved without anyone else to a fresh out of the box new city at just 17 years old; he was prepared for greater and better things: l wound up in New York, close to 300 miles from home, a kid of however seventeen, without minimal proposal to or information on, NY individual In the spot, and with next to no cash In my pocket (21 This was a strong move by Franklin. Making a trip to New York and afterward significantly more distant to Philadelphia was no simple accomplishment In pioneer times. We will compose a custom article test on Ben Franklin: the Ideal American or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This kind of movement was extremely unsafe, particularly for a multi year old with no companions in the zone or much cash to talk about. This sort of brave experience is normal for somebody who accepts unequivocally in themselves. Franklin clearly held solid self-assurance that he would have the option to make it and prevail in this early American Nation. In obvious business visionary style, Benjamin Franklin was ceaselessly recognizing the interest of the American people.In 1732, he conveyed a yearly book of support, data, and guidance called Poor Richards Almanac. Talking about it in his life account, he says, l tried to make It both engaging and valuable, and It in like manner came to be In such interest, that I procured extensive benefit from It (89). In addition to the fact that Franklin produces this work helps the American individuals, he likewise figures out how to make It beneficial for himself. He Endeavored and buckled down so as to make Poor Richards Almanac both for pleasure and instructive purposes.Franklin was additionally clever in that he used almost every last trace of the book, filling in the edges with helpful data. Ben Franklin: the Ideal American By daffy turned into a fruitful printer, capable creator, significant ambassador, and commended creator subsequent to distributing his own Autobiography. Flourishing in the troublesome business, Benjamin Franklin was a definitive business visionary. An economical man at the Spanning about the whole century, the life of Benjamin Franklin can be any individual in the spot, and with n ext to no cash in my pocket (21).

Cedar Rapids

Cedar Rapids Cedar Rapids, city (1990 pop. 108,751), seat of Linn co., E central Iowa, on the Cedar River; inc. as a city 1856. The second largest city in Iowa, it is named for the surging rapids in the river. It is a commercial and industrial city as well as a distribution and rail center for an extensive agricultural area. Manufactures include food and beverages, electrical equipment, machinery, and metal and plastic products. Coe College and Mt. Mercy College are there. Of note are the city's Masonic Library (1884); an art museum with a collection by the artist Grant Wood ; the National Czech and Slovak Museum (1995); and Municipal Island, a strip of land in the main channel of the Cedar River, on which the municipal building and a neoclassical war memorial are located. In 2008 Cedar Rapids suffered the worst flooding in its history; roughly one seventh of the city was inundated. The Duane Arnold Energy Center, the first nuclear-powered generator in Iowa, is nearby. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Feng Shui of Your Kitchens Architecture

Modern-day architects and believers in the ancient Eastern art, feng shui, agree: When it comes to home design, the kitchen is king. After all, its human nature to associate food and cooking with nurturing and sustenance.   Feng shui practitioners suggest that how you design and decorate the kitchen can influence your prosperity and health. Architects from the Western world may not talk about the ancient art of feng shui, but theyll intuitively figure out the energies of space. Chi, or Universal Energy in feng shui, is compatible with universal design and accessibility in architectural practice. Both share many of the same core beliefs, so lets look at some basic feng shui ideas and see how they apply to modern kitchen design. You Gotta Believe: The Disclaimer The first thing to bear in mind when considering any feng shui advice is that ultimately, feng shui is a complex practice with several different schools. Recommendations will vary from school to school and from one practitioner to another. So too, advice will differ depending upon the particular home — and the unique people living in it. Yet, despite their diverse views, feng shui practitioners will agree on basic principles for kitchen design. Placement: Wheres the Kitchen? When you first plan to build a new home, where should you put the kitchen? We can’t always decide where each room in a house or apartment will be in relation to the others, but if you’re working with new construction or doing extensive renovations, ideally the kitchen will be in the back of the house, at least behind the center line of the house. In any case, it’s better if you don’t see the kitchen immediately upon entering the house, as this can portend digestive, nutritional, and eating problems. Having the kitchen at the entry point can also mean that guests will come over and eat and then leave immediately. Such a placement can also encourage the inhabitants to eat all the time. But if your kitchen is in the front of the house, don’t panic.  Use this as an opportunity to get creative. One easy solution is to hang sheer or beaded curtains over the kitchen door. A more elegant way to redirect space ot to install louvered doors or a sheer sliding panel like an installed Japanese silk screen. The point is to command the direction of energy within the homes space. Provide something delightfully eye-catching across a hall or in a vestibule near the kitchen. That way, attention is diverted from the busy kitchen. Sliding Panel Doors Can Hide Kitchen Spaces. Ben Rahn/Construction Photography/Avalon/Getty Images (cropped) Kitchen Layout Its important for the cook to be in a commanding position when at the stove. The cook should be able to clearly see the doorway without turning away from the stove. This is also good accessibility practice, especially for the deaf. Renovating a kitchen to this configuration can be particularly challenging. Many modern kitchens place the range facing the wall. To resolve the problem, some feng shui consultants recommend hanging something reflective, such as a mirror or a shiny sheet of decorative aluminum, over the stove. The reflective surface can be any size, but the bigger it is, the more powerful the correction will be. For a more dramatic solution, consider installing a cooking island. Placing the stove in a central island allows the cook to see the entire room, including the doorway. Beyond the feng shui benefits, a cooking island is practical. The wider your view, the more you’ll be able to comfortably talk with dinner guests or keep an eye on the kids as you — or they — prepare the meal. Natural Lighting Enhanced by Task Lighting Flow Into Open Spaces. Mel Curtis/Getty Images (cropped) About Cooking Islands Cooking islands have become a popular trend in kitchen design. According to Guita Behbin, owner of Duramaid Industries (a kitchen and bath design and renovation company) many customers want their kitchens to flow into an open space, or Great Room, that includes a living and dining area. Designing a kitchen around a cooking island will help keep the cook involved in whatever is happening in that Great Room, whether it’s before-dinner conversation or hearing about a childs homework. Feng shui-inspired kitchen design dovetails with the contemporary trend toward group cooking. Instead of isolating the cook, families and guests often gather in the kitchen and participate in the meal preparation. Busy working couples use dinner preparation as an important time to unwind together. Cooking with kids becomes a way to teach responsibility and build self-esteem. The Triangle According to Sheffield feng shui course instructor Marelan Toole, good kitchen design is based on a traditional triangle model, with the sink, refrigerator and range making up each point of the triangle (view example). There should be a six-to-eight-foot distance between each appliance. This distance allows for maximum convenience and a minimum of repeated moves. Providing space between each of the major appliances will help you follow a core feng shui principle. Separate the fire elements — such as the stove and microwave — from water elements — such as the refrigerator, dishwasher, and sink. You may use wood to separate these elements, or you can use a plant or a painting of a plant to suggest a wooden divider. The feng shui element of fire is expressed with the triangular shape. In the kitchen, controlling fire is a good thing, whether youre an architect or a feng shui consultant. Sink, Refrigerator, and Range At Points of a Triangle. Adrianna Williams, Bill Diodato/Getty Images (cropped) Kitchen Lighting In any room, fluorescent lights do not promote good health. They constantly flicker, affecting the eyes and nervous system. Fluorescent lights can cause hypertension, eyestrain and headaches. However, they do serve a purpose, as they provide bright light at low cost. Light energy will influence your kitchens energy. If you decide that you do need fluorescent lights in your kitchen, use full-spectrum bulbs. Energy-efficient lighting and appliances are characteristics of both feng shui practices and green architecture. The Kitchen Stove Because the stove represents health and wealth, you want to use the burners on the stove top equally, rotating their use rather than habitually using a particular burner. Changing burners  represents getting money from multiple sources. Of course, the practice can also be seen as a practical step, similar to rotating the tires on a car. The old-fashioned stove, as opposed to a microwave, is often preferred because it is more in keeping with the feng shui belief that we should slow down, become more conscious of each activity, and do activities with intention. Heating a quick meal in the microwave is certainly convenient, but doing this may not lead to the most serene state of mind. Many feng shui practitioners are concerned with excess radiation and electromagnetic fields and would therefore prefer to avoid the microwave altogether. Obviously, each home and family will have to find their own balance between modern conveniences and optimal feng shui practice. Position the Stove To Enable Interactions. John Slater/Getty Images Clutter As with all rooms in the house, the kitchen should be kept neat and uncluttered. Clear your counters of everything. Store appliances in cabinets. Any broken appliances should be tossed out. Even if it means living without a toaster for a while, it’s better to have no toaster than one that doesn’t work very well. Also, remember to keep kitchen areas clean. Good Energy A Practical Design In some cases, building code regulations actually reflect good feng shui principles. Some codes make it illegal to place a window over the stove. Feng shui teaches us that windows should not be placed over stoves because heat represents prosperity, and you don’t want your prosperity flooding out the window. Luckily, feng sShui isn’t only about having a room with good chi, or energy. Feng shui is also a practical guide for design. For this reason, feng shui can be used with any style of room. The most popular styles often repeat as trends, according to kitchen design specialist Guita Behbin: the simple Shaker style seems to always be trending; a very contemporary look, with solid colors and wood grains is often popular; in some situations, a very opulent look makes a statement, with carvings, corbels, and cabinets on legs. Any of these styles can be successfully combined with the principles of feng shui to make for a kitchen that’s functional, up-to-date, and easy on the chi. It is truly amazing how much the ancient feng shui beliefs have to tell us about the design of modern kitchens. What type of lights should you install in your new kitchen? Where should you place the appliances? Architects and believers of this ancient Eastern art offer solutions, and their ideas are surprisingly similar. East or West, good design rules the day. Source Content adapted from an article by Nurit Schwarzbaum and Sarah Van Arsdale, courtesy of the online Sheffield School of Interior Design at www.sheffield.edu, now the New York Institute of Art and Design (NYIAD) at https://www.nyiad.edu/.

The Effects Of Global Warming On Earth - 1577 Words

To sustain life on earth, the earth temperature must be maintain at a very delicate figure. But what if the unthinkable happens? What if the earth’s temperature was to increase by a just mere half a degree, maybe a full or even two or three, the effects could be devastating to the environment, to me and to you. Unfortunately we may have the opportunity to see the effects of the earth temperature rising a few degrees in this lifetime. According to scientist, for hundreds of thousands of years, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect kept the earth at a comfortable temperature to allow life on earth. This process is necessary to support and maintain life on earth. But just like any good thing, too much of it could be dangerous. Greenhouse gases acts as a blanket that is wrapped around the earth. This traps energy in the atmosphere and the energy is then heated up by the sun’s rays. Because of this, another phenomenon has come to be. It is known as global warming. Gl obal warming is constant rise in the global average temperature near the surface of the earth. Although to some, global warming is nothing more than a myth, a rumor to scare the race into rethinking their selfish acts, but global warming is no myth. I believe that global warming is far from a myth, it is real and it is dangerous. The evidence is all around us. If you look to the stars, you can see that the atmosphere is full of human-produced molecules that is casing the earth to warm. If you look at the sameShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Earth927 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We,as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorded by carbon dixide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emmited by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 Pages What is Global Warming? Countless feel as if it is a natural phenomenon that the Earth cycles through. They are terribly mistaken. It is the effect of greenhouse gasses that are emitted by the machines we use today. These gasses are becoming trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, causing the temperature to rise. The effects of global warming are all around us and are becoming more prominent. There are already efforts in place to stop it and programs to â€Å"go green†. This climate change is a serious threatRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth992 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Earth. Global warming is a problem that some people choose to ignore. They claim it doesn’t exist. Global warming is real. It is time for people to stop ignoring it and start finding a solution. What is global warming? Global warming is the result of certain gases building up in the atmosphere that block heat from escaping. These gases are causing a temperature rise in the Earth’s atmosphere and causing climate change. The rise in the Earth’s temperature has had many effects on the Earth itselfRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Earth1612 Words   |  7 PagesName: Course: Title: Global Warming Introduction For over a hundred years, humans have understood the possibility of atmospheric warming due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. As early as 1896, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius predicted that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise average global temperatures by 4.95 degrees C (9.0 degrees Fahrenheit) (Valente, 1995). The greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that has allowed the development of life on earth, is thought by manyRead MoreThe Effects of Global Warming on the Earth990 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming Earth’s temperature is a vital aspect to Earth and its surroundings. The atmospheric temperature along with natural gases is the significant reasons why Earth inhabits all of its life. When there are changes that alter the natural affects of Earth’s environment there are factors that places the environment at risk. Increase warming of global temperatures account as a major concern of Earth’s surroundings. Global warming is a prominent source to consider how and why the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in the climate and the may result from the greenhouse effect. Many people do not believe that this is true. There are multiple studies that provide information to prove global warming is factual. As the years go by, the more damage is being done to our atmosphere and it is affecting the e arth. It is not hard to believe that global warming affects the earth so negatively by the drastic changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesSave the Earth The Earth is slowly dying and we can save it, however, it requires some initiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real problem that may soon wipe out the Earth’s resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn’t just happen in some third-world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution: conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth882 Words   |  4 Pages Global warming is an increase in the overall temperature of earth atmosphere. Earth s climate is changing, temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall are shifting, and more extreme climate like heavy rainstorms and high temperatures are already affecting the society and economy. Scientists are confident that many of the observed changes are happening because of the global warming. Warming and climate are changing an d increasing every year. The main Cause are by people burning fuels to generateRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 PagesInconvenient â€Å"by Al Gore. In this video Gore is explaining about how the earth has became hotter than it ever has before. The ten hottest years we have ever had have been in the last fourteen years. According to the video the hottest year was in 2005. From Gore’s viewpoint we as the people are causing global warming by ourselves. Because we are the ones that are causing global warming it is having some major effects on the earth. You have Mt. Kilimanjaro, which over the years has had a lot of snow onRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Earth2122 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is global warming and what is the proof that it exists? The topic of whether global warming is real and what the consequences it may have has been heavily debated for quite some time now. The reason why it has been debated for such an exten ded amount of time is because there are still unknowns to confirm that global warming is a true threat to the earth. Many people do not believe in global warming because they truly do not know the basic concept of global warming. There are missing pieces to

Realism and Ibsen’s a Doll’s House Essay Free Essays

Ibsen: Keeping it Real Since 1879 Realism is a style of writing in which the author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Doll’s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husband’s commands and fulfills his every wish. We will write a custom essay sample on Realism and Ibsen’s a Doll’s House Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save his life, going as far as forging her dead father’s signature to receive money to pay for their trip to Italy for better heath care. The story takes place during Christmas time, where Nora is now forced to come to terms with the crime she has committed once Krogstad, the man at the bank who gave Nora the money she needed, reveals to her his plan to tell Torvald about her forgery. A Doll’s House is a perfect example of realism, containing many of the key elements of this genre. Ibsen highlights the forced role of women, the deceptive appearances people use to hide their troubles behind, and uses a realist form and style of writing. Understanding the realism genre of literature allows the reader to enjoy a style of writing in which they can relate to and find comfort in, knowing that someone, somewhere, sometime experienced exactly what they themselves are going through Like many women of her time, Nora has to forget about her own wants and ideas and put on the role a women must play to please the people around her. Torvald constantly is putting Nora in her place. When Torvald comes home one afternoon he finds Nora sitting surrounded with bags from her trip to town. He reprimands her about her spending habits before comforting her, saying, â€Å"Now, now, my little song-bird mustn’t be so crestfallen. Well? Is the squirrel sulking? † (Ibsen 149). Torvald is trying to console his wife while also belittling her by using endearing terms. In reality, his words make Nora feel controlled and repressed. Ibsen wants his audience to see that by demeaning Nora, Torvald is trying to get her to mold to the role of a submissive wife who will listen to her husband as if her were her father. Torvald wants Nora to know that he is the one â€Å"on top† in the relationship; he is the bread winner, the man, and the more powerful person. He is always trying to suppress Nora and keep her dominance over him at bay. Not only must women be submissive to their husbands but they were expects to be obedient to him as well. Torvald is always telling this wife not to eat her favorite treat, macaroons, because her teeth with rot and fall out. When Nora buys the dessert in town, she hides them from Torvald. She lies to him when he asks if the thought crossed her mind that day to stop and get a treat. Nora tells her husband, â€Å"No, Torvald really; I promise you†¦ I wouldn’t do anything that you don’t like† (Ibsen 151). Nora is afraid of contradicting Torvald’s word and promises to him she would never do anything to go against him. Instead of being her husband’s equal Nora feels as if she were a child. Ibsen depicts Nora’s marriage as a relationship between a father and his child instead of a husband and his wife and mother of his young children. Torvald treats Nora like a little girl who cannot make her own decisions. She is forced to play this role of a child her whole life; fist under her own father’s roof and now under Torvald’s. The forced roles of women were enforced in society, as well as the idea of keeping one’s flaws concealed from the outside world. Deceptive appearances hide the troubles and pain Nora and Torvald both go through during the play. Mrs. Linde, Nora’s longtime friend, comes over to the Helmer household. Nora and her are chatting about New Year’s plans when Nora says, â€Å"Look, the people upstairs, the Stenborgs, are having a fancy-dress party tomorrow night, and Torvald wants me to go as a Neopolitan fisher-girl and dance the tarantella that I learnt in Capri† (Ibsen 183). Nora tells Mrs. Linde that her and Torvald plan on attending a masquerade party in which she will be dressing up to perform the tarantella as her husband had told her to. Ibsen is telling the reader that people hide behind clothes and masks to hide the hurt and pain going on in their own life, so as to please society and their own friends. Nora is suffering from an internal crisis et she is forced to dress up and go to the party so that her friends do not suspect anything is wrong with her. Torvald being the â€Å"doll player† that he is, controls Nora and basically forces her to put up a front for the world to see. He never sees Nora’s misery the week leading up to the revelation of Nora’s crime because she has been taught to hide the pain so well. Along with hiding from society, one must fulfill all its demanding expectation. When Torvald reads the letter from Krogstad revealing Nora’s forgery, he is enraged. He screams at Nora and tells her she can have no influence over the children and he loves her no longer. Then he remembers what others will think about this situation and says, â€Å"Somehow or other I must try to appease him- the thing must be hushed up at all costs. As for ourselves- we must seem to go on just as before†¦ but only in the eyes of the world of course† (Ibsen 221). Torvald is only concerned about keeping Krogstad quiet and the outside world remaining in the dark about his troubled marriage. He tells Nora they must continue on with life outside as it was before but once inside the house, it all does not matter; he could not care less. Ibsen communicates that along with wearing deceptive appearances, those who want to be accepted, like Torvald, must bow down to society’s expectations. These expectations include maintaining a perfect marriage, raising the children properly, and not allowing your wife to overpower you. Torvald’s only concern is to keep the peace, for the sake of his own last name. He does not care about Nora any longer. He only cares about keeping himself and his reputation safe. Along with outlining some of the key elements of the real world and the society one lives in, Ibsen uses a realistic style of writing. Staying true to realism literature, Ibsen uses a realistic form and style while writing A Doll’s House. One the first page of the play, one can find a detailed description of the set including, â€Å"A comfortable room, furnished inexpensively, but with taste. In the back wall there are two doors; that to the right leads out to a hall, the other, to the left, leads to Helmer’s study. Between them stands a piano† (Ibsen147). A long list of props preludes all of the acts of the play. Ibsen uses this detailed list of props to bring a sense of reality to his play. He allows the audience to feel as if they truly are sitting in the Helmers’ living room watching Nora fall prey to her husband. It allows one to sink completely in the story and become a part of it all. One of Ibsen’s viewers could easily identify with the characters seeing that they lived in the same middle class home and neighborhood as they themselves do. Ibsen also was able to identify with his audience by using a simplistic writing style. When talking to Nora about her children, the children’s nanny says, â€Å"The poor little mites are playing with their presents, but-† (Ibsen 181). The nurse speaks in a common, simple language. Unlike previous writing styles, realism uses everyday common language and interrupted thoughts, run on sentences, and expressions. Ibsen used this style of writing, again, to identify with the audience he was presenting to. His works were seen my middle class citizens, who were used to working hard long hours in filthy conditions. These people were not spending their days eating cakes and playing chess. They spoke in a ruffle-free, basic language, which is exactly the language Ibsen adopted for his realist play. Ibsen exposed the his audience to a new view of the very lives they were living by using this form of writing. Although Ibsen was not showing his audience anything new, he presented them their most inner secrets they kept hidden and shoved them in their own faces. Ibsen highlighted the role women were taught to play, the deceptive appearances the people wore daily, and expressed these ideas using the people’s realistic style of speech. Ibsen was a writer for the people of the 1800s, but his works are treasured and applicable even in today’s world. ALL QUOTES DIRECTLY FROM A DOLL’S HOUSE How to cite Realism and Ibsen’s a Doll’s House Essay, Essays

Department of Homeland Security free essay sample

Department of Homeland Security or DHS; the executive department of the federal government charged with protecting the security of the American homeland as its main responsibility. Its primary missions are preventing terrorist attacks within the United States, reducing the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, and minimizing the damage from potential attacks and natural disasters. Established in the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks; the department unifies formerly dispersed nonmilitary government agencies that are responsible for many functions related to American security. DHS was created by the Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002, and is an outgrowth of the Office of Homeland Security established by President George W. Bush after Sept. 11, 2001. Strong congressional support for a new federal department that would unify diverse and overlapping security functions of the federal government led to a White House proposal for the DHS in June, 2002, and the legislation was passed late the same year. Twenty-two agencies that were formerly in the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Justice, Transportation, and Treasury or in independent bodies were combined and reorganized in the new department. Among the agencies with functions relating to homeland security that were not included in DHS were the FBI, CIA, and NSA. The creation of DHS involved the largest restructuring of the executive branch of the federal government since the Defense Department was established. The affected agencies were transferred to the new department beginning in March 2003. DHS is the third largest executive department in the federal government. The primary mission of the Department is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism; minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States; carry out all functions of entities transferred to the Department, including by acting as a focal point regarding natural and manmade crises and emergency planning; ensure that the functions of the agencies and subdivisions within the Department that are not related directly to securing the homeland are not diminished or neglected except by a specific explicit Act of Congress; ensure that the overall economic security of the United States is not diminished by efforts, activities, and programs aimed at securing the homeland; and monitor connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, coordinate efforts to sever such connections, and otherwise contribute to efforts to interdict illegal drug trafficking (Kemp 29). II. Some of the Major Ag encies in DHS A. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is one of the largest federal law enforcement agencies, consisting of Border Patrol agents, CBP air and marine agents, and CBP officers and agriculture specialists, together with the nation’s largest law enforcement canine program. United states Border Patrol has been around since 1904 enforcing and regulating laws under the immigration and Nationality Act. U. S. Border patrol is now under the Department of Homeland Security, which was created as a response to the attacks of September 11, 2001 (Kemp 30). Over the years, their jurisdiction and missions have changed to better protect the safety of this nation. Although border patrol is a need for any nation, their extensive acceptations to constitutional laws can often be taken advantage of. The mission of the CBP is to prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States; CBP is responsible for protecting U. S. borders, while simultaneously facilitating the flow of legitimate trade and travel. CBP protects nearly 7,000 miles of border with Canada and Mexico and 95,000 miles of shoreline (Kemp 30). B. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the largest investigative arm of DHS with more than 20,000 employees worldwide. ICE is responsible for identifying and shutting down vulnerabilities both in the nation’s borders and in economic, transportation, and infrastructure security. ICE employees’ work in offices nationally and around the world. The following four main branches of ICE work with other law enforcement and intelligence entities: The Office of Investigations, The Office of Detention and Removal Operations, The Federal Protective Service, The Office of Intelligence (Lee 1091). C. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) protects the nation’s transportation systems. Agents also inspect air carrier operations to the United States, assess security of airports overseas, fly air marshal missions, and train overseas security personnel. The organization was charged with developing policies to protect U. S. transportation, especially in airport security and the prevention of aircraft hijacking. Among the types of TSA employees are Transportation Security Officers, Federal Air Marshals, Transportation Security Inspectors, National Explosives Detection Canine Teams, and Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response Teams (Flynn 131). D. The Coast Guard protects the public, the environment, and U. S. economic interests in the nation’s ports, on its waterways, along the coast, on international waters, or in any maritime region as required to support national security. The Coast Guard has always played key roles in the protection of the U. S. homeland and has been entrusted with five fundamental missions: Maritime Security, National Defense, Maritime Safety, Protection of Natural Resources, and Maritime Mobility (Coast 15). The maritime security goals of the Coast Guard include reducing Americas vulnerability to terrorism by preventing waterborne terrorist attacks; securing maritime borders by halting the flow of illegal aliens and contraband; preventing violations of our exclusive economic zone; and suppressing maritime violations of federal law. III. Conclusion Homeland security Act of 2002 is still a work in progress and we as a nation are still working through many important issues that touch on who we are as a nation. Many of us are impacted by it, without really realizing it. What was created by the act has snaked its way into all aspects of our lives, creating a sense of order and restricting some freedom. One of the true benefits of homeland security is that America gains strength through the process of debating answers, solutions and options.

aus relationship with china essays

aus relationship with china essays Good morning teachers and students China is a country in East Asia The total area of China is 9,571,300 sq km (3,695,500 sq mi) including inland waters. The country stretches across East Asia in a broad arc that has a maximum east-west extent of about 5,000 km the worlds largest country by population and one of the largest by area, measuring about the same size as the United States. China proper centers on the agricultural regions drained by three major rivers-the Huang He (Yellow River) in the north, the Yangtze (Chang Jiang) in central China, and the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River) in the south. The countrys varied terrain includes vast deserts, towering mountains, high plateaus, and broad plains. Beijing, located in the north, is Chinas capital and its cultural, economic, and communications center. Shanghai, located near the Yangtze, is the most populous urban center, the largest industrial and commercial city, and mainland Chinas leading port. More than one-fifth of the worlds populatio n-1.3 billion people-live in China. More than 90 percent of these are ethnic Han Chinese, Australia regards the relationship with China as one of its most important. The bilateral relationship is based on shared interests and mutual respect, an approach which offers the best prospects to maximise shared economic interests, advance Australia's political and strategic interests, and manage differences in a sensible and practical way. Since 1997 there has been a major strengthening of relations, assisted by a strong program of high-level visits in both directions. Prime Minister Howard visited China most recently in August 2003. He visited previously in March 1997, in October 2001 to attend the APEC Leaders Meeting, and in May 2002. PRC President Hu Jintao visited Australia in October 2003. Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin visited in September 1999. Bilateral relations have reached a new level of maturity with the reciprocal...

Free Essays on Diversity Week

, clapping, or even standing in a line behind the singer and dancing together. The main topics that the performance dealt with were liberal thinking, allowing for deeper thinking and living, and equality in race and ethnic backgrounds. The performers talked a while about legacies and family stories, as well as non-violence and peace studies. While this performance did not open my eyes to anything new about world peace and race equality, it did make me feel more â€Å"at home† with my fellow URI students that attended. We all had to act in ways during the performance that most, if not all of us, would never out of Diversity Week because the thought of public humiliation, but during the performance none of us had to worry about that. I think that this particular topic dealt mostly with public perception, which we covered in class. The topic in class was public perception of crime, but the performance falls more into the category of public opinion and maybe even public fear. We are all told that minorities are the â€Å"bad guys.† They are the people that commit the most crimes and they are the poor people that our taxes go to. These ideas are very stereotypical, but it is the message that the government and especially the media try to make us believe. All that Common Ground was trying to accomplish was to get us to look past t... Free Essays on Diversity Week Free Essays on Diversity Week For Diversity Week, I attended the 2pm show of Finding Common Ground: Resolving Cultural Conflicts with Music and Nonviolence. The show featured musicians that comprise the group Common Ground on the Hill out of McDaniel College. The group consists of a lead singer, two guitarists, and a man on the harmonica. The show lasted about 45 minutes because of technical difficulties in the beginning. Common Ground on the Hill played a variety of music in the show, mainly consisting of blues, gospel, and spirituals. All of the songs were done in a way to get the audience involved, either by singing certain words, clapping, or even standing in a line behind the singer and dancing together. The main topics that the performance dealt with were liberal thinking, allowing for deeper thinking and living, and equality in race and ethnic backgrounds. The performers talked a while about legacies and family stories, as well as non-violence and peace studies. While this performance did not open my eyes to anything new about world peace and race equality, it did make me feel more â€Å"at home† with my fellow URI students that attended. We all had to act in ways during the performance that most, if not all of us, would never out of Diversity Week because the thought of public humiliation, but during the performance none of us had to worry about that. I think that this particular topic dealt mostly with public perception, which we covered in class. The topic in class was public perception of crime, but the performance falls more into the category of public opinion and maybe even public fear. We are all told that minorities are the â€Å"bad guys.† They are the people that commit the most crimes and they are the poor people that our taxes go to. These ideas are very stereotypical, but it is the message that the government and especially the media try to make us believe. All that Common Ground was trying to accomplish was to get us to look past t...

Business law corporate personality, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law corporate personality, - Essay Example The most important concept that flows from the incorporation of a company is that of limited liability whereby the shareholders tend to be liable only to the unpaid amounts of shares and so the company as a separate legal entity is held accountable for its own debts. Corporate personality has been in use for a long period of time but the area of law developed when small businesses used the notion so as to create limited liability. The turning point of corporate personality was the decision of Salomon v Salomon1. In Salomon, a leather merchant incorporated a company and completed the formalities by appointing his family members as shareholders which was a requirement of the Companies Acts at that point in time. In his personal capacity, he appointed himself as managing director and subsequently purchased the sole trading business. The main concern was the over valuation of the business placed by him, but this was mainly due to his confidence in the success of the business. The company subsequently went in to liquidation and a liquidator was appointed by the court who in turn evaluated that the company was a sham and had been used as an instrument to defraud creditors. The Court of Appeal accepted the evaluation of the liquidator, however, the Hou se of Lords reversed the decision stated that the Court of Appeal had used a moralistic approach and went on to say it was irrelevant that some of the shareholders were used merely to fulfill a technicality and so the use of corporate personality could be made by any person who intended to pursue what was his own business and thus the company set up in this case found to be a separate legal entity and not an agent or trustee of the person controlling it.2 The case set a cornerstone for the doctrine of separate legal entity and separated the company from its shareholders. This concept has

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization Research Paper

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization - Research Paper Example the visual viewpoint phenomenon’s spatial distribution, it is very important that the available patterns are translated into measurable considerations and objective. While White & Engelen (1997), give their description of what spatial analysis is Miller, (2004), asserts that it involves all of the formal mechanisms that are used in the study of entities by the use of geometric properties, geographic properties or even topological properties. Spatial analysis as a phrase means various or different mechanisms, whereby majority are still in the initial stages of development, by the use of various analytic methods and used in different areas like astronomy, where it is used in the studies of the galaxies’ positioning in the cosmos, and chipping of fabrication engineering. Moreover, it is always used in a much constricted sense in the description of the mechanisms that are used in the structures at the scale of humans, particularly in the appraisal of the geographic data. So metimes, it is even used in referring to particular mechanism in one research area like the description of geostatistics (Goodchild, 1987). In their article, Fotheringham & Rogerson (1993), say that there are some complicated issues that normally come up in this kind of analysis, whereby most of them seem not to be defined in a clear manner, as well as not resolved well, however, they form the foundation for the present research. The one that appears to be the most critical one is the difficulty of the definition of the specific location of the entity’s that are being investigated. For instance, when we take a look at the study on the health of human beings, we find that the position of individuals could be defined with a point or mark put at their dwelling place, or even with a mark that is put... This essay stresses that it continues using it as companies usually change tactics that can make or enable then remain relevant and survive in the market. This is a strategy that can help in identifying the competitors even if they change tactics by changing names and locations so as to bring confusion. It should be the sole responsibility of the top management of the company to ensure that the researches using this model are continued or maintained by investing heavily in it so as to give it the necessary support, as its results or benefits are clear. The company uses this method of study in trying to find the best place that it can set its branches so as to avoid making mistakes. On the other hand, it also enables the company to maintain the relative strategies of location, such as taking into consideration the competitor’s location. This paper makes a conclusion that business is just as dirty game as politics and being smarter is the only key to success. It is true that different companies try to outdo each other and the best thing is always to adopt the most appropriate strategies so as to come out on top of the others. The path that Wells Fargo took of doing research using the spatial strategy is a good one and has appeared fruitful. The company has been able to identify the most appropriate places of setting up its branches as well as finding out the location of its major competitors.

Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities of Triple Fusion

Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities of Triple Fusion Developmental odontogenic anomalies can occur in both primary and permanent dentition leading to morphological variations in shape, size and structure, and numerical variations like anadontia, hypodontia or oligodontia. According to Kramer PF et al the most commonly reported odontogenic anomaly in primary dentition is co-joined teeth. Co-joined teeth can be due to fusion or gemination. Proper clinical and radiographic evaluation is a must to differentiate between the two. Occurrence of double fusion as an anomaly may not be rare, but triple fusion is a rare odontogenic anamoly. This paper gives a brief insight about incidence, problems associated, diagnosis and treatment modalities of triple fusion. INTRODUCTION Completely edentulous maxilla and mandible with only anterior teeth remaining is a common clinical situations causing progressive loss of bone in the posterior aspect of mandible. If bilateral distal extension mandible and completely edentulous maxilla is rehabilitated with removable partial dentures there are chances that mandibular denture base sink gradually because of resorption of alveolar bone in posterior aspect of mandible leading to posterior open bite. Lack of posterior occlusal contacts causes an eventual and progressive shift of masticatory function to anterior segments.1 This syndrome associated with resorption of residual alveolar ridge is termed as combination syndrome. Glossary of Prosthdontic terms 2 defines combination syndrome as the characteristic features that occur when an edentulous maxilla is opposed by natural mandibular anterior teeth including loss of bone from the anterior portion of the maxillary ridge, overgrowth of the tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia of the hard palatal mucosa, extrusion of mandibular anterior teeth, and loss of alveolar bone and ridge height beneath the mandibular removable partial denture bases also called anterior hyperfunction syndrome. Kelly3 was the first person to use the term combination syndrome. Additional changes occurring in clinical situation with completely edentulous maxilla and partially edentulous mandible with only anterior teeth remaining include loss of occlusal vertical dimension, occlusal plane discrepancy, anterior spatial repositioning of the mandible, poor adaptation of the prosthesis, epulis fissuratum and periodontal changes.4 Combination syndrome occurs among 25percent of individuals who wear both complete denture opposing mandibular anterior teeth and a bilateral distal extension removable partial denture.1 Sequelae of combination syndrome: Early loss of bone from the posterior part of the mandible leads to increase in function in anterior region as a result of posterior hypofunction. Hypertrophy of anterior mandible with anterior hyperfunction develops. Forces originating from the lower anterior teeth are directed towards the anterior portion of the unsupported maxillary denture leading to loss of bone and ridge height anteriorly, the posterior residual ridge becomes larger with the development of enlarged tuberosity 3. However enlarged tuberosities is also seen in situations where mandibular molars have been lost, the opposing maxillary molars may supraerupt together with alveolar process.5 Enlarged tuberosities along with increase in bone height causes the occlusal plane to migrate up in the maxillary anterior region and down in the maxillary posterior region, eventually the natural anterior mandibular teeth migrate upward with simultaneous mandibular alveolar hypertrophy. Anterior teeth on the complete denture disappear under patients lip effecting the esthetics showing none of the maxillary anterior teeth and too much of the lower natural anterior teeth. 3 With lack of posterior palatal seal, a negative pressure develops leading to papillary hyperplasia .3 Along with negative pressure chronic occlusal trauma from incisal edges of mandibular anterior teeth causes flabby tissues in anterior palate termed as papillary hyperplasia. Kelly3 demonstrated resorption in the edentulous maxilla but not for the posterior edentulous parts of the mandible. However it has been studied patients with a complete maxillary denture opposed by a mandibular distal extension removable partial denture and retained by an anterior bar revealed more bone resorption in the posterior mandible than in the maxilla.6 Loss of established posterior occlusal contacts is an important factor in relation to the combination syndrome 1as a result of resorption of both anterior maxillary and posterior mandibular edentulous alveolar ridges leads to progressive collapse of vertical dimension of occlusion causing the mandible to move forward resulting in pseudomandibular prognathism. Loss of occlusal contacts can be attributed not only to bone resorption under mandibular distal extension bases but also to wearing of the artificial teeth, as well as changes in position of the anterior mandibular teeth which may facilitate parafunctional activities such as clenching and thereby increasing the pressure on the maxillary anterior alveolar bone.7,8 Histopathological changes: Histopathology of hyperplastic anterior ridge tissue and fibrous tissue over tuberosities are indistinguishable with mature dense fibrous connective tissue consisting of bundles of collagen fibers, few cellular elements and a very few inflammatory cells.3 This is also similar to histopathology of mature epulis fissuratum. Similarity of histopathology of all three conditions (hyper plastic tissue, fibrous tissue, epulis fissuratum) may be attributed to similar tissue response to prolonged trauma from denture base. Management of combination syndrome: Ill fitting dentures have been blamed for all of the lesions of edentulous tissues but the most perfect denture will be ill fitting after bone is lost from anterior part of the ridge. Removable dentures need periodic attention to check for any tissue changes. Frequent relining of ill-fitting dentures slows down but does not stop the development of combination syndrome. Preventing the degenerative changes that complete maxillary denture opposing Kennedy’s class I partial dentures can be best accomplished by avoiding extraction of lower anterior teeth and retaining weak posterior teeth as abutments by means of endodontic and periodontic technique.3Also over denture can be considered as treatment option by retaining roots of anterior mandibular teeth to support an overdenture. According to Langer 9 both well designed removable partial denture and over denture can be suggested for patients with an edentulous maxilla and some remaining anterior mandibular teeth. Well designed mandibular removable partial denture is suggested for low risk patients who have not developed combination syndrome and whose mandibular anterior teeth are well preserved and have not supraerupted. However the restoration of the posterior occlusion with removable partial denture will not entirely delay a progressing combination syndrome. Removable partial denture is advocated for situations that may eventually develop combination syndrome but nevertheless have shown stable occlusion. In the past because of limitations of removable partial denture a more predictable outcome can be expected by use of over denture especially for patients who already have combination syndrome or whose mandibular anterior teeth are structurally or periodontally compromised9 .Additional retention for mandible may be provided by stud attachment. The evaluation of risk of developing combination syndrome is based on past dental history and the condition of remaining mandibular anterior teeth. To prevent bony resorption mechanical forces must be distributed over as large an area of the basal seat as possible and the denture must make as little movement as possible against its basal seat. Wide coverage with the complete or partial removable denture base to minimize the force per unit area is the basic to reduce ridge resorption and would help to prevent combination syndrome.10Covering the retromolar pad and buccal shelf with denture base retards bone loss.10 The destructive changes on the soft tissues brought about by class I mandibular removable partial dentures constitutes a strong support for â€Å"shortened dental arch’’ concept.11Dentures with only anterior and premolar teeth can meet oral functional demands in most situations.12 Surgical options can be considered in treating undesirable conditions associated with combination syndrome .13,14The flabby hyperplastic tissue can be surgically removed, the papillary hyperplasia can be eliminated and enlarged tuberosities can be reduced3 which allows the distal end of occlusal plane to be raised to proper level and allows the lower partial denture bases to be fully extended over the retromolar pad. Correction of premaxillary bone atrophy with bone grafting can be successful in treating combination syndrome. Traditional occlusal schemes and posterior occlusal forms both incorporate a vertical overlap of anterior teeth. Overtime this overlap results in anterior contact or hyperfunction due to forward and upward movement of the mandible leading to bone loss caused by anterior hyperfunction syndrome. An alternative option to prevent contact of anterior teeth involves noninterceptive linear occlusion combined with bilateral fulcrum of protrusive stability.15Linear occlusion consists of masticatory surfaces in the form of a straight, long occlusal ridge in contact with flat monoplane opposing surfaces ,there are no cusp inclines with which to make contact during envelope of function. For this reason linear occlusion is defined as a non interceptive type of occlusion requiring minimal interocclusal rest space.16 Establishing the horizontal plane of occlusion from the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisors to the top of retromolar papilla on either side in the posterior region is an integral part of linear concept of occlusion.16Guidelines for linear occlusion includes use of an alternative tooth form with its inherent absence of anterior vertical overlap.17 There is no need for the traditional 2-3 mm interocclusal rest space which does not mean interocclusal clearance is not needed but less is required. For this reason the centric relation record was made at vertical dimension of rest allowing teeth to be arranged at a vertical height that reduced vertical overlap of anterior teeth, 0.020 of an inch of vertical clearance was provided during arrangement of the anterior teeth.15 Both implant retained and implant supported prostheses have become increasing popular and have been proven successful in prosthetic rehabilitation of partially and completely edentulous maxilla and mandible.18, 19The unstable occlusion in combination syndrome results in progressive posterior mandibular atrophy .use of a conventional denture in restoring the mandibular dentition provides the least patient satisfaction as compared with the fixed prostheses.20For this reason the patient usually elects to have mandibular rehabilitation with implant retained prosthesis. A fixed implant-supported prosthesis of the same design produced bone apposition in the posterior parts of mandible ,whereas an overdenture supported by two implants resulted in a continuous resorption of the same areas .8A well documented long term results were found in fixed mandibular prostheses supported by implants placed between the mental foramina and opposing maxillary complete dentures.21 A study has shown that in patients who received mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses bone resorption in the posterior part of the mandible ceased.22 Conclusion: Clinicians have recognized a number of characteristic features of combination syndrome but documented observations are rare. Epidemiologic studies related to combination syndrome are yet to be conducted to reach more conclusive results in diagnosing combination syndrome. Destructive changes of hard and soft tissues can be avoided by preventing combination prosthesis by retaining mandibular posterior teeth by endodontic or periodontal treatment. Ill fitting dentures have been blamed for all the lesions of edentulous tissues yet no matter how well the dentures are made by the denture will be ill fitting with gradual resorption of alveolar bone. Removable partial dentures require periodic recall and check up as to maintain posterior occlusal contact by constant relining of distal extension denture base to compensate for resorption of bone. Every effort should be made to avoid the potentially destructive occlusal forces exerted on anterior maxillary residual ridge .Linear occlusal concep t can be used to fabricate functionally and esthetically pleasing prosthesis. Implant rehabilitation in these patients slows down the bone resorption. However management strategies should be tailored to suit the needs of an individual patient.

Environmental Factors the Affect the Marketing Procedures of Coca Cola International Essay

Coca Cola is an international business company that needs international advertising as well. Businesses spend billions of advertising dollars every year because they know that viewers are influenced by what they see and hear. They don’t spend that money because they think advertising might work; they know it works. It sells their products. In 2004, The Coca-Cola Company spent 2. 2 billion dollars advertising its products worldwide in print, on the radio, and on television. Was the investment worthwhile? The company made nearly 22 billion dollars in profits for that year. Advertisers realize that one ad may not affect behavior. Instead, they rely on the cumulative impact of years of indoctrination. The truth is, with just a minute’s airing of an advertisement, some thousands of consumers are rather attracted to buy the products shown on TV. With this fact in mind, it could be noted that advertising is rather considered as one of the major procedures of marketing that any type of company could invest upon. However, the question is how sure are the advertisers that their products would sell up through the presentation that they make through advertising? What are the factors that contribute to the said effects of advertising marketing to the consumers? This is what is considered within the discussion of how the environmental factors actually affect the impact of advertising towards the target consumers. The Marketing Strategy’s Effective Placement As noted earlier, Coca Cola is an international beverage company that actually handles the production of drinks that are likely to soothe the drinking needs of the consumers. However, selling beverages may not appear to be as easy as it looks. Most people would consider the beverages presented by Coca Cola to the society are likely for hot times only. How then is the company coping up with its sales during cold season? It is undeniable that Coca Cola, upon observation, tries to make the best out of the time that they are given. It could be noted that even during the cold seasons, the said company is able to attract consumers that are likely fond of the beverages that they offer no matter what weather there may be. December is likely the winter time which usually caters hot beverages and their promotions to the buying public. However, Coca Cola managed to use the said environmental change in terms of weather for their own advantage. Coca Cola’s advertisement of Santa Claus holding Coke Beverages is indeed an attractive approach, whereas the company paved the way to a more appreciated matter of the season than that of the cold weather itself. It was a rather creative approach that has given this advertisement a major difference from that of the other marketing strategies used by the same company. Obviously, their approach to the situation has placed them in a better edge against their competitors in the industry thus giving the company better gains than the others for annual productivity for the entire business organization. Conclusion Weather is just one particular factor in the advertising and marketing word that actually affects the approach of product promotion in the field of consumer-producer relationship. It is undeniable through that weather, single as it is, has a great effect on the presentation of advertisements during specific seasons as suggested by the environment itself. Coca Cola on the other hand has been able to take responsible consideration of these unavoidable changes in the environment for the their own good that actually outlines the possibility that they are then given the rightful share of their own creativity in presenting their marketing approach in the field of advertising. As a result, the said company was able to get the best out of the possible changes of the environment. Their gains and the edge against their competitors that they were able to accomplish through the said approached saved their values for service and profit well. True, environment itself may present challenges to different companies with regards the launching of the different products that they present to the society, however, effective utilization of the said situations for the benefit of the organization could make the strategy of marketing more apprehended and efficient for international advertising approaches.

Impact of Organised Retail Chains on Unorganised Retail Sector

â€Å"A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON PREFERENCE OF SOFT DRINKS IN YOUTH REPORT Submitted to: Submitted by: DR. RAJKUMARCHIRAG GUPTA Roll no. 5382 MBA 5. 4 MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [pic] INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH MDU,ROHTAK 2010-2011 DECLARATION I Chirag Gupta, student of 5 year M. B. A 4th semester of Institute of Management Studies and Research hereby declare that the project report titled â€Å"Preference of soft drink in youth† is a code of critical & independent work carried out by me under supervision & guidance of Dr.Raj Kumar. This has not been previously submitted for the award of any other diploma, degree or other similar degree. The feasibility suggestion has been duly incorporated in the consultation with the supervisor. Signature of the Candidate EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Soft Drinks were common preference among all the individuals, irrespective of their age groups as it had great brand value and great advertisement.Market Research is based on some und erlying parameters like: †¢ Changing consumption pattern †¢ Advertisements †¢ Taste †¢ Status consciousness †¢ Varying lifestyle The study starts with determining the major players in the soft drinks, their overall consumption pattern among the people and ends up with the conclusion as per the state of mind of the average rational human being.Consumer preferences are changing towards healthier food, and thus such a trend will carry on for some time to come. In the soft drinks market of late, most recent new products launched have been focused on the health benefits of the soft drinks, like pomegranate juices, calcium-fortified bottled water and a series of reduced-sugar alternatives, with such features not previously so readily available to or heavily promoted at the target audience.TABLE OF CONTENTS SERIAL NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 1) INTRODUCTION 1) Industrial profile 01 2) Major players in soft drinks segment 04 3) Study of growth of soft drink market 09 2) RE SEARCH METHODOLOGY ) Purpose of the study 10 2) Objectives of the study 10 3) Scope of the study 10 4) Research Design 11 5) Sampling Technique used 12 6) Selection of Sample Size 12 7) Sources of Data collection 12 8) Statistical Tools Used 12 3) DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 13 ) LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 24 5) CONCLUSION 25 6) ANNEXURE 6. 1) Questionnaire 26 7) BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PROFILE The soft-drink industry comprises companies that manufacture nonalcoholic beverages and carbonated mineral waters or concentrates and syrups for the manufacture of carbonated beverages.Naturally occurring bubbling or sparkling mineral waters have been popular for thousands of years: the ancient Greeks believed that such waters had medicinal properties and bathed in them regularly; the Romans established resorts around mineral springs throughout Europe. In the 1500s the village of Spa in Belgium became famous for its waters, which by the early 1600s were sold, in bottles, as far away as London, Eng. Development of the first man-made sparkling or carbonated water is credited to Joseph Priestley, the British scientist who discovered oxygen.In 1772 he invented a method of â€Å"pushing† carbon dioxide into water by dissolving it under pressure, thus creating fairly long-lasting bubbles. The technique led to development of the soft-drink industry. By the beginning of the 19th century, carbonated water was being made commercially in France and North America; shortly thereafter, flavours (normally fruit concentrates) were added to enliven the taste. In the 1820s, small carbonated bottling operations were established in Canada, producing carbonated drinks in refillable bottles which were merchandised as medicinal elixirs or tonics.Most soft drinks are still carbonated to give drinks a â€Å"tangy bite† and to stimulate the tongue. Furthermore, because scent is an important part of taste, the flavours carried as vapours in the bubbles enhance taste. T he principle of â€Å"pushing† carbon dioxide is still used, but now the water is first purified in a process known as â€Å"polishing. † Cooled carbon dioxide is then injected at pressures of 275-550 kilopascals. Some of the early drinks bottled in Canada were called Birch Beer, Ginger Beer, Sarsaparilla, Sour Lemon, None-Such Soda Water and Cream Soda.The first carbonated beverage or â€Å"pop† bottles were sealed with corks held tightly in place with a wire binding. Because they had to be stored neck down so that the cork would not dry and allow the carbonation to leak away, they were manufactured with rounded bottoms. By the mid-1800s, soft drinks sold in Canada were packaged in 8-ounce (227. 2 ml) round-bottom bottles for about 25 cents a dozen, except ginger beer, which was sold in draught form from wooden kegs. Wired cork closures were used until about 1884 with Codd's Patented Globe Stoppers (25 types in all). Such closures were replaced by the Hutcheson Spring Stopper.The crown cap was introduced around 1905 and improved versions are still widely used, although they are gradually being replaced, especially on larger containers, with reclosable screw caps. Other packaging innovations since the mid-1960s include canned carbonated beverages, nonreturnable glass bottles and containers made from rigid plastics. However, an effort is being made, often through provincial legislation, to increase the use of returnable glass containers. In the industry's early years the number of carbonated-beverage plants increased steadily, most serving small regional markets.In 1929 the industry was made up of 345 production plants and the value of shipments reached $12. 3 million. By 1960 the number of plants had increased to 502 and the value of sales to $172. 7 million. Subsequently, consolidation began, prompted by improved production, packaging and distribution facilities. By 1973, 337 plants were in production and the value of shipments was $484 m illion. In 1985, with sales of about $1. 8 billion, the industry had 187 plants in production: Newfoundland had 3; PEI, 1; Nova Scotia, 7; New Brunswick, 8; Quebec, 66; Ontario, 58; Manitoba, 7; Saskatchewan, 10; Alberta, 13; and BC, 14.Production volume has also increased dramatically: in 1939, soft-drink bottlers produced about 162 million litres of carbonated beverages; by 1967, production passed 758 million litres; in 1986, shipments were estimated at over 2. 1 billion litres; and in 1998 that figure rose to 3. 5 billion litres. The industry is regulated by both federal and provincial agencies, 3 of the most important being CONSUMER AND CORPORATE AFFAIRS (responsible for the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act), HEALTH CANADA (which administers the Food and Drugs Act) and Environment Canada (which focuses on environmental matters).The industry is represented by the Canadian Soft Drink Association in Toronto and by several provincial associations. The introduction of diet carbon ated beverages has changed the industry's profile. Several years ago, in response to increasing consumer diet consciousness, the industry introduced the first successful sugar-free diet drinks using the artificial sweetener cyclamate. But questions were raised about the safety of this additive and, based on existing scientific data, Health Canada banned its use in Canadian commercial FOODS AND BEVERAGES.This decision, estimated to have cost the industry more than $15 million, was a setback to diet-drink development. The industry turned to saccharin, but this too was eventually banned. Now, a new sugar-free additive, aspartame, has been approved for use in diet soft drinks, and the cyclamate/saccharin situation is not expected to recur because aspartame consists of amino acids, which occur naturally. Aspartame-sweetened diet drinks have had a dramatic effect on the Canadian carbonated-beverage industry.Just before the saccharin ban in 1977, diet drinks accounted for about 10% of the soft-drink market; following the ban the diet share dropped to about 2%, consisting of beverages partially sweetened with small amounts of sugar. In 1982, the first full year that aspartame was used in Canada, diet drinks increased by 15. 2% of total soft-drink sales, while the total soft-drink industry grew 8%. In 1987 total soft-drink sales increased 5. 3% over 1986, while diet soft-drink sales increased by 10. 7%. This single development has encouraged strong growth in the industry.MAJOR PLAYERS IN SOFT DRINKS SEGMENT COCA COLA [pic] â€Å"thanda matlab coca cola!!! † Coca cola has truly remarkable heritage. From a humble beginning in 1886 it has now become the flagship brand of largest manufacturer, distributor of non alcoholic beverages in the world. In India, coca cola was the leading soft drink till 1977 when govt. policies necessitated its departure. Coca cola has made its return to the country in 1993. and made significant investment to ensure that the beverage is av ailable to more and more people in remote as well as inaccessible parts of the world.Coca cola returned to India in 1993 and over the past ten years has captured the imagination of the nation, building strong association with cricket, the thriving cinema industry, music etc. coca cola has been very strongly associated with cricket, sponsoring the world cup in 1996. In 2002, coca cola launched the campaign,†Thanda Matlab coca cola†. in 2003,coke was available for just rs,5 crores in the country. FANTA GHOONTH BHAR SHARARAT KAR LEY!!! [pic] Fanta entered the Indian market in year 1996 under the coca cola brand . ver the years, Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is identified as â€Å"the fun catalyst†. Fanta stands for its vibrant color, tempting taste and tingling bubbles that not just uplifts feelings but also helps free spirit thus encouraging one to indulge in the moment. LIMCA â€Å" LIME AND LEMONI!!! [pic] Drink that can cast a tangy refreshing spe ll on anyone, anywhere. Born in 1971, Limca has been the original thirst choice, of millions of consumers for over three decades. The brand has been displaying healthy volume growing year on year and limca continues to be leading flavoring soft drinks in the country.Dive into the zingy refreshment of limca and walk away a new person. THUMS UP TASTE THE THUNDER!!! [pic] Strong cola taste, exciting personality. Thums up is a leading carbonated soft drink and most trusted brand in India. Originally introduced in 1977, thums up was acquired by the coca cola company in 1993. Thums up, is, known for strong, fizzy taste and its confident, mature and uniquely masculine attitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the man from the boys. SPRITE â€Å"SPIRITE BHUJAYE PYAAS BAKI SAB BAKWAAS!!! [pic] World wide sprite ranked as no. soft drink and is sold in more than 190 countries In India, sprite was launched in year 1999 and today it has grown to be one of the fastest growing soft drinks, l eading clear lime category. Today sprite is perceived as a youth icon. With strong appeal to youth sprite has stood for a straight forward and honest attitude. Its clear crisp hingtaste encourages today’s youth to trust their instincts, influence them to be true who they are and to obey their thirst. MAAZA YAARI DOSTI TAAZA MAAZA!!! [pic] Maaza was launched in 1976. In 1993, maaza was acquired by coca cola India. Maaza currently dominates the fruit drink category.Over the years, maaza has become synonymous with mango. â€Å"Taaza Mango, Maaza mango, Botal mei aam, maaza hai naam†. consumers regard maaza as wholesome, natural, fun loving drink real experience of fruit. The campaign builds on the existing equity of the brand and delivers a relevant emotional benefit to the moms rightly captured in tagline, â€Å"yaari dosti, and taaza maaza†. PEPSI YEH DIL MAANGE MORE!!! [pic] Pepsi cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by Pepsi co. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890’s in North Carolina.The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years. †¢ Diet Pepsi †¢ Crystal Pepsi †¢ Pepsi twist †¢ Pepsi max †¢ Pepsi samba †¢ Pepsi blue †¢ Pepsi gold †¢ Pepsi holiday spice †¢ Pepsi jazz †¢ Pepsi x(available in Finland & brazil) †¢ Pepsi next(available in Japan & south Korea) STUDY OF GROWTH OF SOFT DRINK MARKET SOFT DRINKS Carbonated drinks are dominated by artificial flavors based on cola, orange and lime with Pepsi and coca-cola dominating the market. The entire part of the drink is based on its artificial flavors and sweetening agents as no natural juice is used.MARKET †¢ Cola products account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market. †¢ Two global majors’ Pepsi and coke dominate the soft drink market. †¢ NCAER survey sa ys 91% of soft drink in the country is in the lower, lower middle and upper middle class people. †¢ The market is worth around Rs. 5000 crores with growth rate of around 10-15%. †¢ The annual per capita consumption in India is only about 6 bottles vis- a- Vis 340 bottles in the U. S. †¢ The production as soft drinks has increased from 5670 million bottles in 1998-99 to 6230 million bottles in 1999-2000 industry source. Growth market this year is expected to be 10-15% in value terms and 20-22% in volume terms. However, the market for carbonated drinks is stagnating and not growing as expected. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The main aim of this research study is to analyze the preference of youth on consumption patterns and preference of Soft Drinks. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY †¢ To study the preferences of the youth for soft drinks. †¢ To find out the factor(s) that influences the consumer’s consumption of soft drinks. †¢ To test the know- how of the consumers regarding the various existing brands of soft drinks. To know the size of the soft drink purchase for personal and household purpose. †¢ To know the frequency of consumption of soft drink. SCOPE OF THE STUDY †¢ This study is confined MDU campus Rohtak. †¢ Seasonal drinks are not considered in the study. †¢ We are considering only canned and bottled drinks. †¢ We are not considering health & alcoholic drinks. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It specifies the details of the procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problem.On the basis of fundamental objectives of the research we can classify research design into two general types: 1) EXPLORATORY RESEARCH 2) CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH Exploratory research is one type of research design, which has its primary objective the provision of insights into, and comprehe nsion of, the problem situation confronting the researcher. Conclusive research is designed to assist the decision maker in determining evaluating and selecting the best course of action to take in a given situation. Conclusive research can be further divided into two types:- †¢ Descriptive †¢ ExperimentalThe research design used in this project is a DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. Descriptive study as the name implies is designed to describe something-for example the characteristics of users of a given product, the degree to which the product use varies with income, age, etc. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED: This research has used convenience sampling technique. 1) Convenience sampling technique: Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient.SELECTION OF SAMPLE SIZE: For the study, a sample size of 60 has been taken into consi deration. SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION: Research will be based on two sources: 1. Primary data 2. Secondary data 1) PRIMARY DATA: Questionnaire: Primary data was collected by preparing questionnaire and the people were randomly being requested to fill them. 2) SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data will consist of different literatures like books which are published, articles, internet and websites. In order to reach relevant conclusion, research work needed to be designed in a proper way.STATISTICAL TOOLS USED The main statistical tools used for the collection and analyses of data in this project are: †¢ Questionnaire †¢ Bar Diagrams DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGS |Statistics | | | |Statistics | | | | | | | | | | |Statistics | | | |Who decide the |Do you read | | | |selection of soft |instruction written | | | |drink for household? on the packaging of | | | | |soft drink? | |N |Valid |60 |60 | | |Missing |0 |0 | | |Mean |2. 8167 |1. 6167 | | |Median |3. 0000 |2. 0000 | | |Mode |3. 0 0 |2. 0 | | |Variance |. 356 |. 240 | | | | | |Do you like soft drink? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [pic] LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ? The study was confined to University Campus MDU Rohtak only. ? Chances of some biasness could not be eliminated. ? Youth are assumed to be between the age 15 to 25 ? Time was the major constrain. Only limited sample size (60) was possible for such a vast research on such a period of time . i. e. one month ? Interaction with the respondents was also limited due to their busy work. Due to the changing life style and preferences, it was not necessary that they will consume same soft drink every time. ? There was a chance that respondent will make assumptions while filling the questionnaire. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION Following are the concluding points taken into consideration after the conduct of the research study: ? An important finding that emerged out of the survey was that 91%of youth like to have soft dri nks while 9% not like. ? Through the research it was conveyed that weekly consumption of soft drinks is more than daily consumption. ? Most of the respondents took soft drink without any reason. ? Remaining majority of the respondents consume soft drinks at the time of parties & celebrations. Most of the respondents consume soft drinks because of its taste. ? Most of the respondents were of the neutral view that advertisements affect their purchases. ? Most of the respondent likes Dew. ? Most of them consume 300ml pack for personal usage. ? Packaging doesn’t influence the purchase of most of the respondents. ? Most of them don’t read instruction written on the package of soft drink. ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE Respected Sir/Madam A Research Project is being pursued in IMSAR on â€Å"Preference of soft drink in youth†. Kindly extend your cooperation & enable us doing the project successfully. This information is used for academic purpose. PERSONAL DETAILS Name  œ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Age – †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Gender – ? Male ? Female Qualification – ? Graduate ? Under Graduate ? Post Graduate ? Other (Specify) 1) Do you like soft drinks? Yes No 2) Where do you mostly consume soft drink? PartyCafeHome 3) Frequency of consumption of soft drink in a week? Daily 2-4times more than 4 times once in a week 4) On what occasions, do you often consume the Soft Drinks? Feeling Thirsty Without any reason (just like that) ? Parties / Celebrations ? Others, please specify†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5) What induces you to buy Soft Drinks?Price with quantity Health Drink Status symbol Taste Variety Advertisement 6) Which soft drink do you like more? Dew Sprite Cocacola Pepsi Limca Maaza Other (specify)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7) Do advertisements influence your purchases? Strongly Agree ? Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree ? 8) Do you agree that packaging influence consumer purchase decision? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree ) Please tick the size of soft drink you purchase for personal consumption? 200 ml 250ml 300ml500ml other (specify)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10) Which soft drink is served to the guest in your home? Dew Sprite CocacolaPepsi LimcaMaazaOther (specify)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11) Who decide the selection of soft drink for household? FatherMother Himself/Herself Other(Specify)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12) Do you read instruction written on the packaging of soft drink? YesNo BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Beverage †¢ www. foodindustryindia. com †¢ http://fnbnews. com/article/detarchive. asp? articleid=25105=3 †¢ http://fnbnews. com/article/detarchive. asp? rticle id=24983=3 †¢ http://fnbnews. com/article/detarchive. asp? articleid=24965=3 †¢ http://fnbnews. com/article/detarchive. asp? articleid=24849=3 †¢ http://fnbnews. com/article/detarchive. asp? articleid=25039=3 †¢ http://www. foodindustryindia. com/newfood/detailnews. jsp? n=Xtazy,%20another%20energy%20drink%20for%20the%20Indian%20market=598 †¢ http://fnbnews. com/redfr. asp? fn=/other/aboutus. asp=About%20Us#Food †¢ www. google. com †¢ Kothari C R, â€Å"Research and Methodology- Methods & Techniques†, New Age International (P) Ltd. , 2004 [pic] ———————– 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9[pic][pic] 24 27 25 12

Communication An Effective Communication - 1292 Words

Qiuyun LIU 0BX Assessment 1 Communication is a very important part in business doesn’t matter small large. Even the normal one-to-one method of communications can be full of challenges and misleading. By communicating other person with purpose and try to focus on relationships and results, companies can take advantage effective communication strategies to create solid results with not only single person but with multiple audiences. Open An open communication is the way of communication in which all members of the business feel free to share all their achievements and feedback, ideas and even criticism at every level. Leaders who are very much concern to open communication generate an environment of faith and trust that can be act as a†¦show more content†¦In addition to that, the status of the Employee concerned will, where possible, will be remain unchanged in all the other aspects. Where the Employee or may be the Nominated Representative of the employee, and the Director (Human Resources or General manager) agree, the time-limits set out in these provisions can be extended and the Grievance process may begin at the next level of these procedures. Where two or more Employees believe they have faced a common or identical problem, they may act separately or together. And if the report together then the matter will be dealt with as a single Grievance. A issue raised within these procedures may be drawn out by the Employee or by the Nominated Representative of that employee, at any stage during these procedures by notice in writing, to the Director (Human Resources or General manager). Assessment 2 Q1 At JKL Industries, any employee who is engaged in employment or the provision of training or services has the right to work in an environment which is free from all kind of discrimination. 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